职称英语卫生C阅读理解考试题库

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　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇

　　Late-night Drinking

Coffee lovers, be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a stimulant ，caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin (褪黑激素),the brain hormone that sends people Into a sleep.

Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “It’s the neurohormone (神经激素)that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone.

Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf (脱咖啡因咖啡) average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off, twice as long as usual.

In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine (尿)sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine，the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme (酶) that drives melatonin production.

Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.

31 The author mentions “ pick-me-up” to indicate that______.

A melatonin levels need to be raised

B neurohormone can wake us up

C coffee is a stimulant

D caffeine can balance our brain hormone

答案：C

解析：文中第一段第二句提到 “Having a quick “pick-me-up” cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep”，说明在一天中的晚些时候喝一杯提神咖啡会影响睡眠。所以答案为 C。

32 Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?

A It blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.

B It interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.

C It halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.

D It stays in the body for many hours.

答案：C

解析：文中第二段最后一句提到 “But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body’s levels of this sleep hormone”，说明以色列研究界发现含咖啡因的咖啡使体内的褪黑激素减半，所以答案为C。

33 What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss?

A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.

B Lotan Shilo’s research design on sleep.

C What the subjects did after drinking decaf at night.

D Why some subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.

答案：A

解析：第三段介绍了 Lotan Shilo和他的小组发现六名自愿者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡之后的睡眠质量比喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡之后要差，受试者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡;平均每晚睡336分钟，而喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡后睡415分钟。所以，这段主要讲的是含咖啡因的咖啡与不含咖啡因的咖啡对睡眠的不同影响，答案是A。

34 The experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drinkers______.

A sleep longer than decaf drinkers

B produce more urine at night

C wake up every three hours

D produce less melatonin

答案：D

解析：文中第四段第二句提到 “The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffcinc drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers”，说明喝含咖啡因咖啡的人褪黑激素的浓度是喝 了不含咖啡因咖啡的`人的一半，所以答案是D。

35 Ohayon advises coffee lovers ______.

A to take decaf after lunch

B to drink less coffee during the day

C not to go to bed after taking coffee

D not to drink coffee after supper

答案：A

解析：文中第五段提到 “Ohayon recommcnds that coffce lovers switch to decaf after lunch”， 说明Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午餐喝不含咖啡因的咖啡，因此答案是A。C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。

　　第二篇

　　The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility (贵族)，to participate in pageants that included music, poetry and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladles began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate (复杂的)walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs (假发)and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mld-1800s. One of the most Influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

36 This passage deals mainly with_____.

A famous names in ballet

B Russian ballet

C how ballet has developed

D why ballet is no longer popular

答案：C

解析：C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。

37 The word “pageants” in Paragraph 2 means_______.

A dances

B instructions

C royal courts

D big shows

答案：D

解析：D通过前后文得出pageants包括了 music, poetry和dance，可知该题的意思可能是一 包含这些艺术形式的表演，这个同的实际意义是“盛大的庆典”。或者通过排除法也可轻松排除其他三个答案，从而选出正确答案。

38 Professional ballet was first performed in ______.

A Italy

B France

C Russia

D America

答案：B

解析：B第三段的第一、二句It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Acadcmy of Dance.由此司以得出答案是B项。

39 Who had an important influence on early ballet?

A Balanchine.

B Antoinette.

C Diaghilev.

D Louis XIV.

答案：D

解析：芭蕾按发展历程分可分为早期芭蕾和经典芭蕾。A、B、C项中的人物都是经典芭蕾时期的，只有D项中的Louis XIV是对早期芭蕾产生了重要影响。

40 We can conclude from this passage that ballet .

A is a dying art

B will continue to change

C is currently performed only in Russia

D is often performed by dancers with little training

答案：B

解析：由第一段可知，芭蕾之所以到现在还长盛不衰，是因为多年来一直根据流行趋势在调整和发展，因此B项正确，同时可知A项错误。芭蕾舞在世界各地都有表演，因此C 项错误。芭蕾舞演员需要专业训练，可知D项错误。

　　第三篇

　　The World’s Best - Selling Medicine

Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸) This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach, in 1853, a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it.

In 1897，in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father’s pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.

Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drag to his manager, who tested the drag and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.

Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug.

At first，Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drag. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader.

By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!

41 Why didn't the French scientist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain?

A It didn't work well.

B It hurt the stomach.

C It was hard to make.

D It was not cost-effective.

答案：C

解析：文中第一段最后一句话提到 “However，his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it”，可以看出他是因为困难所以停止，因此答案是C。

42 Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller?

A His company told him to do that.

B His father was in pain.

C He wanted to make a lot of money.

D He suffered from headache.

答案：B

解析：文中第二段第二句话提到 “He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain”，可以看出他制药是因为他父亲在承受疼痛，因此答案是B。

43 Bayer started making aspirin because_______.

A it worked well in stopping pain

B it helped prevent heart attacks

C other companies were making it

D the manager was a scientist

答案：A

解析：依据可见文中第三段。

44 Bayer aspirin was_______.

A the only drug with the name “aspirin”

B not sold in drugstores in 1915

C the first aspirin sold in the United States

D not easy to find in drugstores

答案：C

解析：文中第五段第三句提到 “In the United States, Bayer had a patent (专利权)on the drug”，可以看是美国第一家卖阿司匹林的，所以答案选C。

45 What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?

A Its new use has been discovered.

B Companies have stopped selling it.

C It has become the best—selling painkiller.

D Doctors have sold it to patients.

答案：A

解析：文中第六段提到医生注意到服用阿司匹林的病人比其他人得心脏病的概率要小，英国的研究者找到了阿司匹林防止心脏病发生的原因，所以答案是A, “它的新疗效被发现”。