01.6
More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of any
other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably
been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of S1. ________
the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh S2. ________
deaths in Europe's crowded cities were caused by the S3. ________
disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the S4. ________
global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With
occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and
infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily S5. ________
through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the
introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the
trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed
to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers S6. ________
declared victory and withdrew.
They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of S7. ________
infections and deaths started to pick up again around the
world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in S8. ________
many places where it had never been away, it grew better. S9. ________
The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7
billion people (a third of the earth's population) suffer
from tuberculosis. Even when the infection rate was
falling, population growth kept the number of clinical
cases more or leconstantly at 8 million a year. Around S10. ________
3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor
countries.
02.1
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting
behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________
member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into
a harmlefootball and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate S2.________
and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________
To understand how this transformation has taken place we
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5._______
depended on succein the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole
way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________
chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.
They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. S7.________
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long S8.________
formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their
improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______
use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating
their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The
risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______
02.6
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1._________
immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2._________
which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3._________
on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-
teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4._________
written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5._________
are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today - the S6._________
poor can still be numbered in millions.
The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,
but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7._________
promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8._________
and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9._________
country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10._________
sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.
03.6
The Seattle Times Company is one newspa-pe-r firm that
has recognized the need for change and done something about
it. In the newspa-pe-r industry, pa-pe-rs must reflect the diversity
of the communities to which they provide information.
It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk S1._______
losing their readers' interest and their advertisers' support.
Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial S2.________
minorities, the pa-pe-r has put into place policies and
procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The S3._______ underlying reason for the change is that for information to be
fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the S4._________
same kind of population that reads it.
A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and
photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times' S5.________
content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about
diversity issues. In an addition, the pa-pe-r instituted a content S6.________
audit(审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of
representation of woman and people of color in photographs. S7._________
Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too
infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate
number of negative articles. The audit results from S8.________
improvement in the frequency of majority representation and S9.________
their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a S10._______
result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspa-pe-r.
The diversity training and content audits helped the Seattle
Times Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimal Award
for excellence in managing change.
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