GRE阅读难句语法结构解析

阅读部分是GRE考试的一个难点，考生要多注意一些难句的语法结构。下面就让本站小编给大家分享GRE阅读中难句的具体语法结构吧，希望能对你有帮助!

GRE阅读语法之否定句结构

英语的否定句的否定范围具有不同的情况，也就具有不同的语义，所以在遇到否定句时，一定要分清其否定的范围，找准否定的对象。例如，The ambassador did not leave London to take up an appointment in Africa.可以翻译为：1)大使没有离开伦敦到非洲去就职。2)大使不是为了到非洲就职而离开了伦敦的。发生这种情况时，只能根据上下文才能得出正确 的理解，排除歧义。

此外从语法来看，not与动词谓语连用时，是否定谓语动词的，no与名词连用时，是否定名词的。但从否定重心来看有时却并非如此。 如，Don’t give up because it is difficult.只能理解为：不要因为困难就放弃。此外，不定代词中的every, all, both以及副词always, quite,与否定词结合时，不是全部否定，而是部分否定，不是“全不是”而是“不全是”。这些都是必须要注意的问题。

But we can hardly guess what the world will look like to men and women with several generations of communism behind them, who take the brotherhood of man for granted, not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life, and yet know that this brotherhood was only achieved by ghastly struggles.

句子解析：hardly表示不完全的否定，what引导的是guess的宾语从句，而who引导的是them的定语从 句，not as an ideal to be aimed at, but a fact of life这里用到了not…but…不是…而是…的结构，yet表示轻微的转折，在know后的that引导的是其宾语从句。

句子翻译：但对曾有过几代共产主义思想的人们来说，将来的世界看上去将是什么样子，人们还很难作出推测。现在人们总是把他们之间的手足之情看作是理所当然的事，认为生活本身就是这样，而不是当作理想的目标来看待。然而他们知道这种手足之情只有通过巨大的努力才能得到。

综上所述，想成功的突破GRE阅读难句，我们需要扎实的语法知识，了解gre逻辑阅读作者表达的思路。

GRE阅读理解文章的三要素：主题词、作者态度、理论的缺点或者作者的结论。

GRE考试阅读文章大致可以分为如下几类，阅读过程中重要掌握的是整体文章要表达的观点，对于细节题目要注意回到原文定位，重点把握整体逻辑结构。下面是对于文章结构把握和关键词的一些要点：

现象解释型：文章开头提出一个现象，后面的内容都围绕这个现象进行解释。

重点：主题把握。作者对于这个现象给出的正负评价，别人对现象的评价，作者对现象的评价和作者最后是否给出了支持与否的态度。正负评价要从一些关键词蕴涵的倾向性上来判断。

现象的把握。这个现象讲的到底是什么。

理论的处理。用什么样的例证和结构阐述了这个现象。

问题解答型：文章提出了某种费解的问题，然后后面列举一系列的研究对此问题进行解决，有可能各个研究之间得出相同或者相悖的结论，最终可能对问题提出了解决方法也可能没有任何结论。作者在此过程中会对各个研究给予一定的评价。

重点：文章主题。包括1问题本身2作者综合各个研究给出的解答。

理论和解决方法的把握。各个理论的主旨，都提出了什么解决方法。其中关键词，作者的态度要注意。

态度。可能有1否定态度2肯定某个研究或者整体研究的态度3对所有研究解答都没有给出态度。4未给出评价却明显指出了解决问题的方法。

l新老代替型：文章开始的时候提出一个理论，然后后面又提出一个新的理论。典型的特点是，1老的观点一般都是人们普遍认为正确的，被人们广泛接受的观点，2首句是完成时或者过去时引导：had

done，did，有traditionally、long been known

等3新老理论针对相同对象给出不同解释，并且能够把新观点的论述过程独立出来看成一个问题解答型或者论点说明型文章。

重点：作者态度。作者对于新观点一般持支持态度，但也不排除有例外。

理论把握。针对的对象是什么，新老理论对于对象的论述有什么不同，也就实说新理论的不同之处就是作者支持的原因。

论点说明型：文章开始就提出一个论点，而不是现象，也就是会出现判断句：什么是什么，或者什么是因为什么原因引起的。特点：1有be动词或者remain这类系动词引导的判断句出现在第一段某处。(系表结构)

重点：态度把握。对于任何一个表示主要态度的句子做到“从前不从后”，也就是说速读的时候关键点放在后面的态度上，不管前面出现什么样的态度词，后面的态度才是作者的主要态度。

主题句。以主题词(也就是可以用来命名理论的代表性词)出现的句子作为文章的主题句。

结构。文章一般以总—分方式进行论述。要注意总论点和分论点之间的关联，各个分论点可能是从多个方面来论述支持总论点的，或者干脆就是把总论点提到的各个方面进行一番论述。

技巧。文章每段第一句话是重点，一定要读懂，后面的细节内容可以在遇到问题的时候再回原文找。重点是把握每个段落都在讲什么，以便回头找的时候方便迅速。

Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object‘s features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (151 words)

12. The author is primarily concerned with

(A) explaining how the brain receives images

(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition

(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis

(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it

(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity

For the following question consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?

A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its internal representation.

B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.

C The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.

答案：

1　Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories.

视觉识别包括储存和取回记忆。

2　Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.

眼睛激发的神经活动，在大脑的'记忆系统中形成一幅图像，由被观察对象在脑内呈现的画面组成。

3　When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized.

当对象再次出现在视野，与脑内画面吻合，就会被辨识。

4 Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one.

现在争论的焦点是，识别过程到底是并行的，一步完成的还是串行的，分多步完成的。

5　Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.

G学校的心理学家坚称，对象是被作为一个整体识别的，过程是并行的：脑内图像与视网膜图像的匹配，是一步到位的。

6　Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object‘s features.

其他心理学家则认为，脑内图像特征与观察对象特征的匹配，是逐步完成的。

7　Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (151 words)

即便有些实验显示，随着观察对象越来越熟悉，它的脑内图像越来越整体化，而识别过程也相应变得越来越同时完成，但大量证据似乎支持串行假设，至少对于那些明显不简单不熟悉的对象是这样。

(holistic 整体论的(holism)，强调整体的重要性而不可分割的，强调整体分析而忽略部分分析的)

12. The author is primarily concerned with

(A) explaining how the brain receives images

(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition

(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis

(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it

(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity

选 D

A 大脑如何接受图像，没在解释这个。

B 的确综合了两种假设，但前面还有其他内容，B 项忽略了句 1、2、3。

C 只有句 7 的一部分而已。

D 讨论了视觉识别过程，以及解释这个过程的两种假设。

E 只是在瞎聊。

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply

13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?

□A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its internal representation.

□B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.

□C The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.

选 BC

A 无法判断是否完全一样，G 校学者只是认为这个过程是一蹴而就的，完全有理由怀疑 G 学者们并不排斥，“ image和presentation的一部分吻合就已经完成了recognition，仍然是 one step procedure ” 的看法。

B 符合句 5 描述的推测。

C 符合句 5 描述的推测。

句 5：

Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.