定语从句先行词的选择

定语从句先行词的选择，仅供参考。

一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as；关系副词when,where,why.定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分.

1．定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who ／that,修饰物时用which ／that引导.

2．从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词.

3．从句中缺时间状语,用when或介词＋which引导.

4．从句中缺地点状语,用where或介词＋which引导.

5．从句中缺原因状语或先行词是 reason时,引导词用why ／for which ／ that.

6．从句中缺定语,人和物都用 whose引导.

7．当先行词是way时,其定语从句的引导词用in which ／that.

二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句.

1．在固定词组the same．．．as,such．．．as中,as引导限制性定语从句.

2．当先行词是整个主句时,可用 as ／which引导非限制性定语从句.引导词as和which的区别在于：

①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中.

②as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case（常有的事）等句子中；而which一般不用于以上情况.

③as有“正如”的含义,which没有此含义.

三、关系代词who,whom,whose,which和as能引导非限制性定语从句,而that不能；非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语,引导词也不能省略；关系副词when,where能引导非限制性定语从句,而why不能.

四、先行词是物时,其引导词可用 which也可用that,通常情况下二者可互换,但在有些情况下不能.

1．用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况：

①非限制性定语从句用which,不用that引导.

②先行词为that时,为了避免重 复,定语从句用which不用that引导.

③介词后用which不用that引导.

2．用that不用which的`七种情况：

①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用 that不用which引导.

②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,（the）one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,用that引导.

③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用 that引导.

④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,（the）very,（the）only,（the）last等词修饰时,用 that引导.

⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导.

⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导.

⑦当主句是There be．．．句型时,用that引导.

五、在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致；当one前有the only修饰时,从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致.

六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时,修饰人只能用 whom,修饰物只能用which引导.

先行词作宾语的时候可省略.