Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Worried about what people are saying about you? Concerns about gossip could influence behavior, including generosity, researchers said.
"As it turns out, the act of gossip can indeed be quite powerful," said Jared Piazza of Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Piazza and Jesse M. Beringa studied the (36) of 72 college students who were asked to distribute tokens (代金券) with a monetary value between themselves and someone else.
Half of the group were (37) told their decision would be discussed with a third party.
"Participants who were told that the receiver would be communicating their economic decision with the third party were (38) more generous in their allocations of the tokens than participants who were not (39) to believe that their decisions would be discussed," Piazza and Beringa said in the study published in the journal Human Behavior.
They added that the most (40) strategy from an economic standpoint would have been for a student to (41) all 10 tokens to him or herself, but the threat of gossip seemed to have (42) their decision.
Although gender did not play a major role in the study, men were slightly more (43) than women.
"Allocations of males were, on average, slightly greater than allocations of females, although there were almost twice as many female participants," the researchers(44).
A previous study showed that gossip is more powerful than truth, suggesting people believe what they hear through the grapevine even if they have evidence to the(45).
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【参考译文】
在意别人对你的看法吗?研究人员称，在意别人的流言蜚语会影响你的行为，包括你的慷慨程度。
北爱尔兰贝尔法斯特皇后大学的贾里德·皮亚扎说：“事实证明，流言的力量的确很强大。”
皮亚扎和杰西·M.贝林加让72名大学生给自己和其他人分发具有货币价值的代金券，并对他们的[36]反应进行了研究。
这些大学生中的一半人[37]还被告知他们的分配结果会被第三方讨论。
皮亚扎和贝林加在发表于《人类行为》期刊的研究论文中指出：“那些知道分到代金券的人会将他们的.分配结果告诉第三方的分配者，在分配的时候比那些未C39]被告知他人将议论这一结果的分配者[38]明显要慷慨得多。”
研究人员还补充道，从经济角度考虑，最[40]有利的分配策略是把所有l0张代金券都[41]分给自己，但对于流言的畏惧似乎[42]影响了他们的决定。
尽管性别差异不是该项研究的重点，但男性比女性还是要略微E43]慷慨一些。
研究人员[44]补充说：“尽管参与该研究的女性数量几乎为男性的两倍，但平均来看，男性分给他人的代金券还是要略多于女性。”
此前的一项研究表明，流言比事实更有威力。这意味着人们更容易相信小道消息，即使他们掌握了实际上[45]相反的依据也依然如此。
【说明文：对流言的顾忌会影响人的行为】
第一至二段：在意别人的流言蜚语会影响一个人的行为，而且这种影响力还很强大。
第三至六段：介绍两位研究人员的实验内容、实验结论和分析。
第七至八段：虽然都顾忌流言，但男性总体上还是要比女性更慷慨一些。
第九段：此前的研究表明，流言的威力可能比事实还要大，因为人们更愿意相信小道消息。
【答案解析】
36.E
语法判断：空格前面是studiedthe，空格后是of，故应填入名词。
语义判断：备选项中可以确定为名词的只有reactions，另外还有一个词thought，它既可作名词，也可以作动词的过去式。根据语义判断，只有reactions符合语义。故正确选项为E。
37.L
语法判断：除去空格，句子非常完整，语法上没有句子成分欠缺。因此，空格中所填词汇应当不是句子的主干成分，即不是主、谓、宾，而是句子的补充成分，最有可能是副词。
语义判断：备选项里副词有：still、significantly和also。从上下文语义进行判断，此句意为：“这些大学生中的一半人还被告知他们的分配结果会被第三方讨论。”因此.正确选项应为also。
38.H
语法判断：除去空格，这个句子从语法上讲也很完整。因此，空格中所填词汇可能也是副词。
语义判断：该句大意为：“被告知分配结果会被第三方知道的人，比那些未被告知的人明显要慷慨得多。”备选项中的副词只剩下still和significantly，综合考虑，significantly更符合语义上的要求。
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