《情态动词与虚拟语气》(一)
is required by the rules that students ________ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.
l d
答案 C
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。
2.I’m really very busy，otherwise I ________ certainly go there with you.
l
d
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。结合前半句中的内容以及后半句中的otherwise一词可知后半句应用虚拟语气，所以用would。
3.—God!My cell phone is missing.
—You ________ have left it at home.I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.
l
d d
答案 B
解析 考查情态动词。根据答语第二句的内容可知第二个说话人认为对方“一定”是把手机忘在家里了。
students of average intelligence ________ become top students by improving their study habits.
to t to答案 B
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯而成为优等生。can在此处表示“能够”。
5.—Look，I’ve bought some bread，including your favorite flavor.
—You ________ any because we still have plenty at home.
ld have bought
d have bought
n’t have bought
n’t have bought
答案 C
解析 答语句意为：你没有必要买，因为家里还有很多。故应用needn’t have done表示本不必做而实际上做了。could have done 表示过去本可以做某事却没做;should have done表示本应该做而实际上未做;mustn’t表示禁止。
is beyond my understanding that many adults ________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series.
ld
答案 D
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：很多成年人居然对哈利·波特系列这么上瘾，对此我不能理解。这里用should表示“居然，竟然”。其他选项都没有这个含义。
’s a pity that Andrew didn’t want to go to the conference.________ willing to go，we could have paid all his expenses.
he been g
he had been
答案 A
解析 考查虚拟语气与倒装。根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，意思是“如果他愿意去，我们会支付他所有的费用”。此处是省略了虚拟条件句中的if而引起的倒装，其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。
e days some young people just ________ work hard because they have got used to the easy life provided by their parents.
n’t ’t
tn’t ldn’t
答案 B
解析 句意为：现在一些年轻人就是不愿意努力，因为他们已经习惯了父母提供的安逸生活。根据句意可知，此处表示意愿，应用won’t。mustn’t禁止，不准;mightn’t可能不;shouldn’t不应该。
9.—I regret to say that I failed to rank first in the terminal exam.
—Come on，nobody ________ win all the time.
ld
l
答案 D
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：——很遗憾我在期末考试中没有考第一。——振作起来，没有人能够一直赢。can(表示有能力做或能够发生)能，会;should应该，应当;must必须;shall(表示决心、命令或指示)必须，应当。
10.—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No，you ________ read it in here.
tn’t ’t
n’t n’t
答案 D
解析 考查情态动词。根据答语的第二句话可知“不能把书拿出阅览室”，表禁止，故选D项。
y，Cathy，I didn’t know that you were badly short of money you ________ me for help.
have asked
d have asked
d have asked
have asked
答案 B
解析 考查情态动词。说话人为自己不知道Cathy当时急需用钱而感到抱歉，认为Cathy当时本来可以向自己求助。could have done表示过去本来可以做某事，可实际上并没有做。
12.—I called you at 9 last night，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I ________ sleeping.I went to bed very early.
have been d have been
have been ld have been
答案 C
解析 根据答语中的“I went to bed very early”可知，此处为肯定推测，用must，表示问话人打电话时，答话人一定正在睡觉。must have done表示过去肯定做了某事。
13.I’m as busy as a bee;________ you bother me with so many questions now?
l
答案 B
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：我忙得不可开交，为什么你现在偏要拿这么多的问题来打扰我呢?must有时可以表示一种不受欢迎的巧合，指某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧的时候，通常含有不快、不满、心烦、恼火等感情色彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”。
14.—Did you go to the fashion show last week?
—I ________，but I was fully occupied the whole week.
go have gone
d go d have gone
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。根据答语中的“but I was fully occupied”可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，应用would have done结构，表示“本来要做某事而实际上未做”，故选D项。
is important to know about the cultural differences that ________ cause problems.
l
答案 C
解析 考查情态动词。句意为：了解有可能会带来麻烦的文化差异是重要的。此处may表示不确定的推测，意思是“有可能”。
16.—Could I have a word with you，mum?
—Oh，dear，if you ________.
ld
答案 B
解析 mother is a great cook and we ________ never get enough of her cookies.
ld
答案 D
解析 句意为：我妈妈是一个很了不起的厨师，我们吃不够她做的饼干。can’gh为固定搭配，意为“无论……也不过分”。
18.—I wonder where Peter said he’d be here for lunch.
—Don’t worry!He________be caught in the rush hour.
ld
答案 D
解析 考查情态动词表示推测。句意为：——我想知道Peter在哪里。他说要来这里吃午饭的.。——别担心!他可能遇到上下班高峰期了。may表示事实上的可能性，意为“可能，也许”。
19.—Why，I didn’t get you on the phone.
—We ________football on the playground when you phoned.
be playing
play
have played
have been playing
答案 D
解析 句意为：——嗨，我打电话没找到你。——你打电话的时候我们肯定正在操场上踢足球。表示对过去所发生的事情的肯定推测用must have done的形式，再结合语境可知此处推测的是过去某个时间正在发生的事情，故用must have been doing，故答案为D项。
20.—Why didn’t Henry come?
—He ________ except he didn’t have time.
d have come come
d come be coming
答案 A
解析 句意为：——Henry为什么没来?——他本来要来的，只是他没有时间。except从句表达的是过去时陈述语气，主句为与过去相反的虚拟语气。
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