2016年GMAT语法代词之it与which的使用

在GMAT语法题中，it与which不能指代前面整件事或整句话的意思，因为it与which也是代词，所以当我们看到划线部分出现了it或which的时候一定要注意是否有语法错误，it与which是GMAT语法考题中的高频考点。

　　下面的这道题我们讲的是it

1. More than five thousand years ago, Chinese scholars accurately described the flow of blood as a contin­uous circle controlled by the heart, but it went unnoticed in the West.

(A) but it went

(B) but it was

(C) although it was

(D) but the discovery went

(E) although the discovery was

　　答案：D

解析：五千年前中国学者精确地描述血液流动是被心脏控制的循环系统，但是这个()并没有被西方所发现。这时候划线部分出现了it，根据我们的判断，在无法用单复数区分的'情况下，it优先指代主语，如果不指代主语就指代宾语。宾语是“血液流动”，如果it指代宾语，代入原文就变成了“血液流动并没有被西方发现”，显然西方的科技没有落后到如此地步，it指代宾语是不正确的。It应该指代前面整句话，就是的血液流动是被心脏控制的循环系统这个现象。所以选D。由此，我们还可以得出一个结论，就是当代词指代不清楚的时候，应该用一个概括性的抽象名词来指代。

　　下面的这道题我们讲的是which

2. The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.

(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980’s.

(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.

(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.

　　答案:E

解析：钢厂现代化这件事花了51 million dollars，()有希望在1980年代被完成。A选项it is hoped插入语出现，前后应该各打逗号，且情态动词出现，答案一定出现can。但是which不能指代整件事或整句话的意思，所以A错。B和C选项hopefully是口语化表达，情态动can被省略掉了，所以都错。D选项出现了代词which，which不能指代整件事或整句话的意思，只能就近指代前面的名词，在选项中which修饰的是steel mill，很明显是错的，因为()中说的是钢厂现代化这件事花了51 million dollars这件事。所以，E选项正确。由此题，我们除了可以得出当代词指代不清楚的时候，应该用一个概括性的抽象名词来指代这个结论以外，还可以知道动名词作主语时，谓语动词应该为单数。