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英语后置定语从句

栏目: 校园 / 发布于: / 人气:6.41K

什么样的定语从句可以前置?什么样的定语从句应该后置?我们需要结合例句来分析英语后置定语从句具体是怎样的!

英语后置定语从句

定语从句前置的条件:结构简单,信息量小。从某种程度上来说,简单或复杂是因人而异的。这里有一个量化原则:通常,定语从句的长度为5个单词以内或者不到整个句子的1/3,可以视为结构简单。这样的定语从句,翻译的时候往往前置。

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (2003-61)

在这个句子里,定语从句in which they live修饰限定the environment。我们看一下,这个定语从句符合前置的条件。the environment in which they live就表示“他们居住的环境”。另外,补充一下,结合语境modify表示“改造”;...“使遭受,使服从”;life forms“生命形态”;peculiar“特有的”, 常见搭配be peculiar to“为...所特有”,比如Languages are peculiar to humans.“语言为人类所特有。”整句话的'译文就是:更进一步来说,人类有能力改造自己的生存环境,从而使其他所有生命形态服从人类自己特有的想法和想象。

But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006-49)

which governs his activity为非限定性定语从句,起到补充说明的作用。在这里,which指代的是the moral code。我们看一下,这个定语从句可以前置。the moral code, which governs his activity就表示“约束其行为的道德准则”。补充一下,code表示“准则”;not... any more than比较结构“两者都不”;dedicate to“奉献,致力于”。整句话的译文就是:但是,普通科学家的首要任务不是思考约束其行为的道德准则,正如人们不会期望商人致力于商业行为准则的探索一样。

  当形容词后接“介词+名词”或其他短语作定语时应后置:

a bag full of money 一个装满钱的包

a job suitable for me 一项适合我的工作

a question too difficult to answer 一个太难回答的问题

  【长难句】

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.

总而言之: 一个只基于经济利己主义的环境保护制度是百分之百不公平的。

  【长难句】

It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

  【结构解析

1. 本句有一点难,句子主干为:it tends to ignore and to eliminate many elements. “in the land community“为介词短语充当 “many elements” 的后置定语, “that lack commercial value” 和 “but that are essential to its healthy functioning” 为 “but” 连接的并列的定语从句,修饰 “many elements”.

2. “and thus eventually to eliminate" 前后使用逗号隔开,使and 前后的to ignore 和to eliminate 的并列关系更清晰。

  【词的处理】

tend to 趋向;注意;易于

ignore 忽视;不理睬

eventually adv. 最后,终于

eliminate vt. 消除;排除

commercial adj. 商业的

essential adj. 基本的;必要的

functioning n. 运行,运作(function的动名词)

  【参考译文】

It tends to ignore , and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

译文1:这种保护系统往往忽视并且因此最终淘汰陆地生物群落中许多缺乏商业价值的元素,但这些元素对其健康运转至关重要。

译文2:这种保护系统往往忽视并且因此最终淘汰陆地生物群落中许多元素,这些元素缺乏商业价值但对保护系统的健康运转至关重要。