Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A. By imitating what other people do.
B. By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C. By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D. By asking a great many questions.
57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.
A. not really important skills
B. more important than other skills
C. basically different from learning adult skills
D. basically the same as learning other skills
58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.
A. allow children to learn by himself or herself
B. point out children's mistakes whenever they're found
C. correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.
A. the identifier and corrector of their errors
B. their helper and guide
C. the person to grade their performance and give feedbacks
D. the person to pass on something essential to them
60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.
A. Let Teachers Stop Work
B. Let Us Make Children Learn
C. Let Children Correct Their Own Papers
D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
参考译文：
让孩子学着评价自己的工作。一个学说话的孩子不能靠别人总给他纠正错误来学习：如果被纠正过多，他就会停止说话。[56]一天到晚，他都在注意自己讲的话跟周围人讲的有什么不同。这样慢慢地.他就自然而然地作出改变，说话跟其他人一样了。[56][57]同样，孩子学别的东西时，他们也是不用教就能学会：走、跑、爬、吹口哨、骑车——他们会观察那些技术更熟练的人们是怎样做的，对比之后就会作出必要的改变。但是在学校里，我们从不给孩子们机会让他们自己找出错误，更不用说自己改正了。我们总是替他们全部做好。[58]我们总是表现得好像我们觉得他们永远不会自己发现错误：非堡我们指出来让他们改正不可。很快孩子就变得依赖老师了。放手让他自己做吧。让他自己解决问题吧，如果他想的话，可以请其他孩子帮忙：这个单词是什么意思，这个问题该怎样回答，这样说或者这样做是否合适。
如果问题有正确答案，比如可能是数学或者科学问题，那么把答案给孩子。让他批改自己的试卷。我们老师为何要浪费时间做这样无聊的`事情呢?[59]我们的工作应当是在孩子找不到问题的正确答案时给予帮助。让我们结束毫无意义的评级、考试和分数吧。让我们把这些全都抛开，让孩子学到所有受教育者终有一天都要学到的东西，学着如何思忖自己的理解，如何了解已知的和未知的知识。
[59]让他们用最适合自己的方式独立学习：如果他们需要，可以寻求老师的帮助。在我们现在这样一个复杂而又快速发展的社会，“学校里有许多知识要学，学到之后就能一生受用”的观点就是胡扯。忧心忡忡的家长和老师说：“但是如果孩子学不到必要的东西，学不到将来进入社会必须要有的东西，那该怎么办?”不要担心!如果那些东西很必要，那么以后进入社会他们就会学到的。
参考答案：
56.A
定位：根据题干信息thebestwayforchildrentolearnthings可将答案定位到第一段前半部分。
解析：第一段首句提出了文章的论点：“Let childrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.(让孩子学着评价自己的工作。)”接着举例说：“一个学说话的孩子一天到晚都在注意自己讲的话跟周围人讲的有什么不同。
这样慢慢地，他就自然而然地作出改变，说话跟其他人一样了。同样，孩子学别的东西时……他们会观察那些技术更熟练的人们是怎样做的，对比之后就会作出必要的改变。”可见作者认为，小孩最好的学习方法就是模仿别人怎么做。故选A。
57.D
定位：根据题干信息learningto speak andlearningto ride abicycle可将答案定位到第一段中间部分。
解析：learningto speak和learningto ride abicycle出现在第一段。作者在说明自己观点的时候，将学说话与学习其他技能(比如走、跑、爬、吹口哨、骑车等)进行了对比，并且认为孩子学习说话和学习其他技能的基本方式是一样的，都是通过模仿然后进行自我调整。故选D。
58.A
定位：根据题干信息teachers in school should可将答案定位到第一段后半部分。
解析：第一段后半部分作者建议说：“我们总是表现得好像我们觉得他们永远不会自己发现错误，非得我们指出来让他们改正不可。很快孩子就变得依赖老师了。放手让他靠自己吧。让他自己解决问题吧，如果他想的话，可以请其他孩子帮忙……”作者直言不讳，认为应该让孩子们自己发现自己的错误，如果需要的话，也可以请其他孩子来帮助。指出学生的问题和错误，不可以也不需要老师包办。故选A。
59.B
定位：根据题干信息the teacher’s role in children’s learning可将答案定位到第二段第四句。
解析：该句提到：“我们的工作应当是在孩子找不到问题的正确答案时给予帮助。”第三段第一句也提到：“让他们用最适合自己的方式独立学习，如果他们需要，可以寻求老师的帮助。”可见，老师的作用主要是在学生的学习过程中对他们进行帮助和指导。
60.D
定位：根据题干信息titleofthispassage可知解答本题需通观全文。
解析：文章第一句即提到：“让孩子学着评价自己的工作。”接着，全篇文章都围绕“让孩子自己学习”这个主题展开，提到老师们总是等不及孩子们自己发现问题，就指出他们的错误并帮助他们改正，其实孩子会观察他人如何做，进行模仿，然后作出改变来使自己的行为、认知与他人更接近。故选D。
书香门第
